1) If connecting to Oracle 11 or later, passwords can be configured as case sensitive. To check this configuration, run following by SYS/SYSTEM user
SQL> show parameter SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------ --------- ------------
sec_case_sensitive_logon boolean TRUE
You can change this configuration and alter password of user and try to connect
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON = FALSE;
System altered.
SQL> alter user scott identified by <password>;
User Altered.
SQL> CONN scott/<password>
Connected.
2)
Check $ORACLE_SID and $ORACLE_HOME environmental variables to validate.
3) Check whether the user we are trying to connect exists on that instance. Run following by SYS/SYSTEM user.
SQL> SELECT username FROM dba_users where username='SCOTT';
USERNAME
------------------------------
SCOTT
4) Check TNSNAMES.ORA to validate that TNS-Alias we are using to connect Oracle Database is pointing to right Database Server and Instance.
Hope it Helps!