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Oracle Database 21c Installation On Oracle Linux 8 (OL8)

This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 21c 64-bit on Oracle Linux 8 (OL8) 64-bit.

oracle 21cconfigurationintermediate
by OracleDba
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Download Software

Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.
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Hosts File

The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server. For example. Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.

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<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.56.107  ol8-21.localdomain  ol8-21

ol8-21.localdomain
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Oracle Installation Prerequisites

Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the basic prerequisites. The Additional Setup is required for all installations.
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Automatic Setup

If you plan to use the "oracle-database-preinstall-21c" package to perform all your prerequisite setup, issue the following command. It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary. It's worth running the all the DNF commands listed in the manual setup section. Depending on the OS package groups you have selected, some additional packages might also be needed. If you are using RHEL8 or CentOS8, you can pick up the RPM from the OL8 repository and install it. It will pull the dependencies from your normal repositories.

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# dnf install -y oracle-database-preinstall-21c

# dnf update -y

curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
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Manual Setup

If you have not used the "oracle-database-preinstall-21c" package to perform all prerequisites, you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks. Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf". Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited. Add the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-21c.conf" file. Create the new groups and users. Uncomment the extra groups you require.

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fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

/sbin/sysctl -p
# Or
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   data    unlimited
oracle   hard   data    unlimited

session    required     pam_limits.so

dnf install -y bc
dnf install -y binutils
dnf install -y compat-openssl10
dnf install -y elfutils-libelf
dnf install -y glibc
dnf install -y glibc-devel
dnf install -y ksh
dnf install -y libaio
dnf install -y libXrender
dnf install -y libX11
dnf install -y libXau
dnf install -y libXi
dnf install -y libXtst
dnf install -y libgcc
dnf install -y libnsl
dnf install -y libstdc++
dnf install -y libxcb
dnf install -y libibverbs
dnf install -y make
dnf install -y policycoreutils
dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
dnf install -y smartmontools
dnf install -y sysstat

# Added by me.
dnf install -y unixODBC

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper 
#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
#groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
#groupadd -g 54330 racdba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
6

Additional Setup

The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup. Set the password for the "oracle" user. Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows. Once the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command. If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it, as shown here . To disable it, do the following. If you are not using Oracle Linux and UEK, you will need to manually disable transparent huge pages . Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed. Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" storage should be reserved for the OS. Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the following command. The scripts are created using the command, with all the "$" characters escaped. If you want to manually create these files, rather than using the command, remember to remove the "\" characters before the "$" characters. Create a "scripts" directory. Create an environment file called "setEnv.sh". The "$" characters are escaped using "\". If you are not creating the file with the command, you will need to remove the escape characters. Add a reference to the "setEnv.sh" file at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file. Create a "start_all.sh" and "stop_all.sh" script that can be called from a startup/shutdown service. Make sure the ownership and permissions are correct. Once the installation is complete and you've edited the "/etc/oratab", you should be able to start/stop the database with the following scripts run from the "oracle" user. You can see how to create a Linux service to automatically start/stop the database here .

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passwd oracle

SELINUX=permissive

# setenforce Permissive

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02

xhost +<machine-name>

mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol8-21.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF

echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF


cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts
chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

~/scripts/start_all.sh
~/scripts/stop_all.sh
7

Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable. Switch to the directory, unzip the software directly into this path and start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing one of the following commands in the directory. The interactive mode will display GUI installer screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will install the software without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line. Run the root scripts when prompted. You can read more about silent installations here . You are now ready to create a database, but it's better to patch the installation first if you have access to Oracle Support.

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DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

# Unzip software.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip -oq /path/to/software/LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip

# Interactive mode.
./runInstaller

# Silent mode.
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \
    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \
    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \
    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
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Database Creation

You create a database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The interactive mode will display GUI screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will create the database without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line. You can read more about silent database creation here .

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# Start the listener.
lsnrctl start

# Interactive mode.
dbca

# Silent mode.
dbca -silent -createDatabase                                                   \
     -templateName General_Purpose.dbc                                         \
     -gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid  ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE         \
     -characterSet AL32UTF8                                                    \
     -sysPassword SysPassword1                                                 \
     -systemPassword SysPassword1                                              \
     -createAsContainerDatabase true                                           \
     -numberOfPDBs 1                                                           \
     -pdbName ${PDB_NAME}                                                      \
     -pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1                                            \
     -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE                                                \
     -memoryMgmtType auto_sga                                                  \
     -totalMemory 2000                                                         \
     -storageType FS                                                           \
     -datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}"                                        \
     -redoLogFileSize 50                                                       \
     -emConfiguration NONE                                                     \
     -ignorePreReqs
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Post Installation

Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'. Enable Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and make sure the PDB starts when the instance starts.

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cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1:Y

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_create_file_dest='${DATA_DIR}';
alter pluggable database ${PDB_NAME} save state;
exit;
EOF
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Read-Only Oracle Home

From Oracle 21c onward, read-only Oracle homes are the default. This feature is described in the following article. For more information see: Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

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