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Recovery Manager (RMAN) Database Duplication Enhancements in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1)

This article describes the enhancements made to Recovery Manager (RMAN) for database duplication in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1).

oracle 12cconfigurationintermediate

by OracleDba

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Active Database Duplication using Backup Sets

In previous releases, active duplicates were performed using implicit image copy backups, transferred directly to the destination server. From 12.1 it is also possible to perform active duplicates using backup sets by including the clause. Compared to image copy backups, the unused block compression associated with a backup set can greatly reduce the amount of data pulled across the network for databases containing lots of unused blocks. The example below performs an active duplicate of a source database (cdb1) to a new destination database (cdb2) using backup sets rather than image copy backups.

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
USING BACKUPSET
SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

Active Database Duplication using Compressed Backup Sets

In addition to conventional backup sets, active duplicates can also be performed using compressed backup sets by adding the clause, which further reduces the amount of data passing over the network. The example below performs an active duplicate of a source database (cdb1) to a new destination database (cdb2) using compressed backup sets.

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
USING COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

Active Database Duplication and Encryption

Always check the licensing implications of encryption before using it on a real system. Some encryption operations require the advanced security option. Oracle allows backup sets to be encrypted. Transparent encryption uses a wallet to hold the encryption key and is seamless to the DBA, since backup sets are encrypted and decrypted as required using the wallet. Password encryption requires the DBA to enter a password for each backup and restore operation. Since Oracle 12c now supports active duplicates using backup sets, it also supports encryption of those backup sets using both methods. - If the source database uses transparent encryption of backups, the wallet containing the encryption key must be made available on the destination database. - If password encryption is used on the source database, the command can be used to define an encryption password for the active duplication process. If you are running in mixed mode, you can use to override transparent encryption. The encryption algorithm used by the active duplication can be set using the command, where the possible algorithms can be displayed using the view. If the encryption algorithm is not set, the default (AES128) is used. The example below performs an active duplicate of a source database (cdb1) to a new destination database (cdb2) using password encrypted backup sets.

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

SET ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128';
SET ENCRYPTION ON IDENTIFIED BY MyPassword1 ONLY;
DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
USING BACKUPSET
SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

Active Database Duplication and Parallelism (Multisection)

Active database duplications can take advantage of the multisection backup functionality introduced in Oracle 12c, whether using image copies or backup sets. Including the clause indicates multisection backups should be used. There must be multiple channels available for multisection backups to work, so you will either need to configure persistent channel parallelism using or use set the parallelism for the current operation by performing multiple commands. The example below performs an active duplicate of a source database (cdb1) to a new destination database (cdb2) using multisection backups.

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE disk PARALLELISM 4;
DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  USING BACKUPSET
  SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK
SECTION SIZE 400M
;

Multitenant Considerations

All the examples shown previously involve multitenant databases, but there are some extra considerations when you are using the multitenant architecture. If you are building an "initSID.ora" file from scratch, you must remember to include the following parameter. The previous examples didn't have to do this as the SPFILE was created as a copy of the source SPFILE, which already contained this parameter setting. The command includes some additional clauses related to the multitenant option. Adding the clause allows you to specify which pluggable databases should be included in the duplication. The following example creates a new container database (cdb2), but it only contains two pluggable databases (pdb1 and pdb2). The third pluggable database (pdb3) is not included in the clone. The resulting clone contains the following PDBs. Using the clause will create a duplicate CDB will all the PDBs except those in the list. The following example creates a container database (cdb2) with a single pluggable database (pdb3). The other two pluggable databases (pdb1 and pdb2) are excluded from the clone. The resulting clone contains the following PDBs. You can also limit the tablespaces that are included in a PDB using the clause. If we connect to the source container database (cdb1) and check the tablespaces in the pdb1 pluggable database we see the following. Next, we perform a duplicate for the whole of the pdb2 pluggable database, but just the tablespace in the the pdb1 pluggable database. Checking the completed clone reveals both the pdb1 and pdb2 pluggable databases are present, but the pdb1 pluggable database does not include the tablespace. Clones always contains a fully functional CDB and functional PDBs. Even when we just ask for the tablespace in pdb1, we also get the , and tablespaces in the PDB. The clause can be used on it's own without the clause, if no full PDBs are to be duplicated. The clause allows you to exclude specific tablespaces, rather than use the inclusion approach. The following example clones all the pluggable databases, but excludes the tablespace from pdb1 during the duplicate. Not surprisingly, the resulting clone contains all the pluggable databases, but the pdb1 pluggable database is missing the tablespace.

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

enable_pluggable_database=TRUE

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

SELECT name FROM v$pdbs;

NAME
------------------------------
PDB$SEED
PDB1
PDB2

SQL>

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
SKIP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

SELECT name FROM v$pdbs;

NAME
------------------------------
PDB$SEED
PDB3

SQL>

CONN sys/Password1@cdb1 AS SYSDBA
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
USERS
TEST_TS

SQL>

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 TABLESPACE pdb1:test_ts
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

CONN sys/Password1@cdb2 AS SYSDBA

SELECT name FROM v$pdbs;

NAME
------------------------------
PDB$SEED
PDB1
PDB2

SQL>

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
TEST_TS

SQL>

DUPLICATE DATABASE TO cdb2
SKIP TABLESPACE pdb1:test_ts
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
  SPFILE
    parameter_value_convert ('cdb1','cdb2')
    set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/'
    set audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump'
    set core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump'
    set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/control03.ctl'
    set db_name='cdb2'
  NOFILENAMECHECK;

CONN sys/Password1@cdb2 AS SYSDBA

SELECT name FROM v$pdbs;

NAME
------------------------------
PDB$SEED
PDB1
PDB2
PDB3

SQL>

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
USERS

SQL>

Appendix

The examples in this article are based on the following assumptions. Between every test the following clean-up was performed. At this point the relevant RMAN command was run. For more information see: Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

Code/Command (click line numbers to comment):

# Set the paths using the source DB.
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

# Set the SID for the new clone (destination).
export ORACLE_SID=cdb2

# Stop the clone if it already exists.
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
EXIT;
EOF

# Cleanup any previous clone attemps.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb2/cdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/
rm -Rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/*
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdbseed/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb1/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb2/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb2/pdb3/
rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilecdb2.ora
rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb2.ora
rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb2

# Recreate an init.ora and password file.
echo "db_name=cdb2" > $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb2.ora
orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/dbs/orapwcdb2 password=Password1 entries=10

# Mount the clone (auxiliary).
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
EXIT;
EOF

# Connect to the target and auxiliary RMAN using the tsnnames.ora entry.
rman target sys/Password1@cdb1 auxiliary sys/Password1@cdb2

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